Introduction: Xerostomia is the most common complication due to radiation–induced damage to salivary glands in head and neck cancer radiotherapy and it reduces quality of life. Parotid glands are main glands which they are account for secretion of stimulated saliva. Studies have demonstrated that mean tolerance parotid’s radiation dose under 26-30 Gy result in an increase in t...

Objective(s). Main aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse intra-positional, inter-positional differences in proportions of particular somatotype categories in youth volleyball players. Methods. Heath-Carter method was used to determine somatotype characteristics of 181 young female volleyball players (age 14.05±0.93, height 170.03±7.61 cm, mass 57.80±8.59 kg, bod...

Positional behavior in adult red colobus monkeys (Colobus badius) was examined in a variety of ecological contexts. Using a focal-animal methodology, we assessed how data collected by different observers, in different years, in different seasons, and in different forests affected estimates of positional behavior. In all, 23,000 bouts were recorded. Variation in frequency is greatest in the comm...

A two-gradient model is proposed for regulation and regeneration of the head end of hydra in terms of positional information. One gradient is set up by a diffusible substance made at the head end, which may be regarded as a positional signal, and the other is a more stable cellular parameter which is the positional value. The rule for head end formation is that the concentration of the diffusib...

Throughout embryonic development and into postnatal life, regionally distinct populations of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) collectively generate the many different types of neurons that underlie the complex structure and function of the adult mammalian brain. At very early stages of telencephalic development, NPCs become organized into regional domains that each produce different subsets of ne...